THE EMPRESS
L'impératrice
DANIELLE I
Kingdoms
High Queen of AMORICA
Queen of ALBA
Queen of BRITTANY
Queen of DÁL RIATA
Queen of DUMNONIA
Queen of GWYNEDD
Queen of NORTHUMBRIA
Queen of RHOS
Queen of RÍ INNSI GALL
La Reine d’Amorica, d’ Alba,
de Brittany, de Dál Riata,
de Dumnonia, de Gwynedd,
de Northumbria, de Rhos,
et de Rí Innsi Gall
Principalities
Princess of BRO WENED
Princess of COURNAUILLE
Princess of POHER
Princess of DUMNONÉE
La Princesse de Bro Wened, de Cournauille, de Poher, et de Domnonée
Jarldoms
Jarl of ROSS
Jarl of the SUDREYS
La Jarl de Ross et des Sudreys
Duchies
Duchess of AQUITAINE
Duchess of GUELDERS
La Duchesse d’Aquitaine et de Guelders
Lordships
Lady of Lewis
Lady of Estons
La Dame de Lewis et d’Estons
The High Kings of Amorica were alternatively referred to as Ard Rí na h‑Airmorica “High King of Armorica” in Gaelic, Uchel Frenin Aremorica Welsh for “High King of Armorica”, Brenin Mawr Aremorica “Great King of Armorica”, and Rí Mór Airmorica “Great King of Armorica” thus the Queen of Amorica may use these alternative forms as well.
The Kings of Alba are recorded in Gaelic annals and genealogies as usingRí Alban “King of Alba”, Rí na h‑Alba “King of Scotland”, Rí Albanach “The Alban King”, Ard Rí Alban “High King of Alba”, and Rí na n‑Gáedel“King of the Gaels”, therefore; the Queen of Alba may use these interchangable forms with the exception of Queen of Scotland since there is a current ruler of Scotland, King Charles III of the United Kingdom.
TheKings of Brittanywere known for using the alternative forms Roue Breiz in old Breton, Roue an Arvor “King of the Coastlands” as referenced by the Armoricans, Roue an Douar “King of the Land” according to bardic usage, andUhel Roue Breizh for “High King of Brittany”. According to Frankish annals, charters, and papal correspondences, the Latin names used were Rex Britanniae Minoris “King of Lesser Britain”, Rex Britanniae “King of Brittany”, Rex Brittonum “King of the Britons”, Princeps Britanniae “Prince of Brittany”, and rarely but attested, Rex Aremoricorum “King of the Armoricans”. Neighboring chonriclers in the Frankish and Carolingian-eras refered to the Kings of Brittany as Britanniae Rex “King of Brittany”, Kuning Brittanien in old Frankish, and Over‑King of the Bretons according to an English chroniclers’ translation of Rex Brittonum. The Queen of Brittany may also use these interchangable forms for this reason.
The Kings of Dál Riatawere also known by the following names in early medieval Gaelic sources: Rí Dál Riata “King of Dál Riata” in standard Gaelic, Rí na Dál Riata “King of the Dál Riata people”, Rí Éireann & Alban, Rí Airer Gaedel “King of the Coast of the Gaels”, and Rí na h‑Inse Gall “King of the Isles of the Foreigners” as used later for sea‑kings descended from Dál Riata lines. Latin titles used in annals, church documents, and Irish annals and early ecclesiastical texts were Rex Dalriadae “King of Dál Riata”, Rex Scotorum “King of the Scots” (used before Alba existed as a kingdom), the rare but attested Rex Hiberno‑Scotorum “King of the Irish‑Scots” Princeps Scotorum for “Prince of the Scots”, and Rex Gentis Scotorum “King of the People of the Scots”. Picts named them according to their territorial locations such as King of the Western Scots, King of the Dalriadic Gaels, and Over‑King of the Western Coastlands. Old Norse writers referred to the Kings of Dál Riata as Skota Konungr “King of the Scots”, Konungr Dalriata — Norse rendering of “King of Dál Riata”, and Vestarsæ Konungr “King of the Western Sea”. Anglo-Saxons used Cyning Scottas “King of the Scots”, Cyning Dal Riata, and Cyning Westseaxna Scota “King of the West‑Sea Scots”. Gaelic praise poetry aqnd genealogical recitations refer to them as The Sea‑King of the Gaels, The King of the Western Isles, The High King of the Dalriadic Line, The Stone‑Seat King (referencing Dunadd’s inauguration stone), and The King of the Red‑Sailed Hosts.
The Kings of Dumnonia were called Brenin Dyfneint “King of Dumnonia” in Welsh form, Brenin Kernyw “King of Cornwall” in later form as Dumnonia diminished in size, Uchel Frenin Dyfneint “High King of Dumnonia”, Brenin y Gorllewin “King of the West”, Brenin y Brythoniaid Deheuol “King of the Southern Britons” in Welsh and Cornish. The following titles were used in Latin for the Kings of Dumnonia in annals, charters, and ecclesiastical correspondences: Rex Dumnoniae “King of Dumnonia”, Rex Cornubiae “King of Cornwall”, Rex Brittonum Occidentalium “King of the Western Britons”, Princeps Dumnoniae“Prince of Dumnonia” (used when the kingship was weakened), and Rex Aremoricorum Britanniae Minoris when linking Dumnonia to Armorica. Anglo-Saxons referred to Dumnonian rulers as Cyning Defnas “King of the Devonians”, Cyning Wealas Westseaxna “King of the Western Britons”, and Cyning Cornwalas “King of the Cornish”. The Welsh and Cornish bardic traditions called the Kings of Dumonia The King of the Western Sea‑Cliffs, The Lord of the Red Lands (Cornwall’s mineral wealth), The Crown of the Western Britons, The Stone‑Throne King of the Peninsula, and The King of the Sun‑Set Realm. The Queen of Dumnonia reserves the right to use these titles interchangably.
The most frequently used medieval Welsh and Brittonic titles to refer to the Kings of Gwynedd were Brenin Gwynedd “King of Gwynedd”, Brenin y Gogledd “King of the North” (denoting its northern position), Brenin y Cymry “King of the Welsh”, Uchel Frenin Gwynedd “High King of Gwynedd” Arglwydd Gwynedd “Lord of Gwynedd” (used when the kingship was weakened), Tywysog Gwynedd “Prince of Gwynedd”, and Tywysog y Gogledd “Prince of the North”. The most common Latin titles for Kings of Gwynedd in charters and ecclesiastic6. al documents were Rex Venedotiae “King of Gwynedd”, Rex Northwalliae “King of North Wales”, Rex Brittonum “King of the Britons”, Princeps Venedotiae “Prince of Gwynedd”, Princeps Wallensium “Prince of the Welsh”, and Rex Wallensium “King of the Welsh”. English chronioclers denoted them as Cyning Windelice “King of the Venedotians” (an Old English rendering of Gwynedd), Cyning Wealas Norð “King of the North Welsh”, Cyning Walas “King of the Welsh”, Ealdor of the North Welsh “Leader of the North Welsh”. Norse sagas and annals called the Kings of Gwynedd Konungr Venedota “King of Gwynedd”, Skota Konungr yfir Venedotum “King of the Welsh over Gwynedd”, and Konungr Norðr‑Wales “King of North Wales”. Welsh epithets and genealogical recitations use Brenin y Llewod “King of the Lions” (referencing the royal emblem), Brenin y Gogledd Pell “King of the Far North”, Arglwydd y Mynyddoedd “Lord of the Mountains”, Crown of the Cymry, The Eagle‑King of Snowdonia, The High King of Eryri. Likewise, the Queen of Gwynedd reserves the right to use these varying titles for Queen of Gwynedd.
The Kings of Northumbria were recorded as Cyning Norðanhymbra “King of the Northumbrians”, Cyning Norðhymbra (a variant spelling), Cyning Norðanhymbre “King of Northumbria”, Cyning Eoforwicscir, “King of York” (used for later Viking rulers), and Brytenwealda Norðhymbra “Wide‑ruler of the Northumbrians” in Anglo-Saxon chronicles. Early medieval Britain addressed them as Rex Northanhymbrorum “King of the Northumbrians”, Rex Nordanhymbrorum (a variant spelling), Rex Nordanhymbriae “King of Northumbria”, Rex Eboracensis “King of York” ( for Viking kings of York), Rex Anglorum Septentrionalium “King of the Northern English”, Rex Berniciorum et Deirorum “King of the Bernicians and Deirans” in Latin chronicles, church documents, charters, Bede, papal correspondences. Norse annals, sagas, Heimskringla, and Orkneyinga Saga immortilazed them as Konungr Norðimbralandz “King of Northumbria”, Konungr Jórvík “King of York”, Konungr yfir Norðimbrum “King over the Northumbrians”, and Vestanríkis Konungr “King of the Western Realm”. Brittonic, Celtic, and Welsh poets and chorniclers called them Brenin y Gogledd “King of the North”, Brenin Northymbria Welsh for “King of Northumbria”, and Brenin y Saeson Gogleddol “King of the Northern Saxons”. Early sub-kingdom titles for the Kings of Northumbria before the unification of Bernicia and Deira were Cyning Bernicia “King of Bernicia”, Rex Berniciorum (Latin), Konungr Bernicia (Norse rendering), Cyning Deira “King of Deira”, Rex Deirorum (Latin), and Konungr Deira (in Norse). Later Anglo-Saxon poets and epithepts address the Kings of Northumria as The Northern Bretwalda, The High King of the Humberlands, The Eagle‑King of the North, The Lord of the Northern Marches, and The King of the Two Shores (referring to Bernicia + Deira). Likewise, the Queen of Northumbria reserves the right to use these varying titles of the same.
The Kings of Rhos were referred to by the Britons and Welsh as Brenin Rhos “King of Rhos”, Brenin y Rhoswyr “King of the Men of Rhos”, Arglwydd Rhos “Lord of Rhos”, Tywysog Rhos “Prince of Rhos”, and Uchel Frenin Rhos “High King of Rhos”. In Latin they were referenced in Ecclesiastical and diplomatic texts as Rex Rosensis “King of Rhos”, Princeps Rosensis “Prince of Rhos”, Dominus Rosensis “Lord of Rhos”, and Rex Venedotiae Minoris “King of Lesser Gwynedd”. Anglo-Saxons referred to the Kings of Rhos in Old English as Cyning Rhos “King of Rhos”, Cyning Wealas Rhos “King of the Welsh of Rhos”, and Ealdor Rhos “Leader of Rhos”. Medieval bardic poetry anbd Welsh epipthets and geneological records denote them as Brenin y Gogledd Bach “King of the Little North”, Arglwydd y Creigiau “Lord of the Crags” (due to Rhos’ mountainous regions), The Eagle‑Lord of Rhos (referencing the highlands above Conwy County), and The Stone‑Seat King (referencing hillfort rulership traditions). Additionally, when Rhos was a subordinate region of Gwynedd the Kings of Rhos were naturally addressed differently such as Sub‑King of Gwynedd, Lord of Eastern Gwynedd, Prince of the Rhos Region, and Ruler of the Conwy Coastlands. Therefore, the Queen of Rhos reservesa the right to use the above alternate forms of the same title.
Gaelic and Goidelic annals mention the Kings of Rí Innsi Gall , King of the Isles of the Foreigners, as the grammatical variants Rí na n‑Innse Gall or Rí Innse Gall and additionally as Rí na n‑Eileanan “King of the Isles” in Gaelic, Rí nan Eilean in Scottish Gaelic, Rí na Mara Thiar “King of the Western Sea”, and bardically as Rí nan Gàidheal Muir “King of the Sea‑Gaels”. Norse writers mentioned them in the Orkneyinga Saga as Konungr Suðreyja “King of the Southern Isles” (i.e., Hebrides + Mann), a variant ,Suðreyja Konungr, Konungr yfir Eyjum “King over the Isles”, Vestarsæ Konungr “King of the Western Sea”, and Konungr Mannaeyjar “King of Man” (when Mann was the central identity of the Isles). Irish annals, papal letters, and Scottishj charters denote the Kings of Rí Innsi Gall differntly: Rex Insularum “King of the Isles”, Rex Manniae et Insularum “King of Mann and the Isles”, Rex Insularum Maris Occidentalis “King of the Isles of the Western Sea”, Rex Gentis Nordmannorum Insularum “King of the Norsemen of the Isles”, and Princeps Insularum “Prince of the Isles”. Old English Anglo-Saxon chronicles call themCyning Ylonde “King of the Isles”, Cyning Norðmanna Ealond “King of the Islands of the Northmen”, Cyning Mann “King of Mann”, and Cyning Westseaxna Sæ‑Ealond “King of the Western Sea‑Islands”. Gaelic epiphets, poetry, and genealogical recitations use the following forms: Rí na gCurach Dearg “King of the Red‑Sailed Fleets”, Rí nan Long “King of the Ships”, Ard‑Rí nan Eilean Fada “High King of the Long Isles”, The Sea‑King of the Gaels, The Storm‑Crowned King, and The Lord of the Western Wind‑Roads. When the Isles were under Norway’s control or interacted with Alba the Kings of Rí Innsi Gall the kings were called Over‑King of the Isles, King of the Hebrides, King of Mann and the Hebrides, and Sovereign of the Norse‑Gaelic Isles. While Lord of the Isles was another hisotrically accurate form of the kingship in later years with Scotland, Danielle I does not claim this as it is in use by King Charles III of the UK. She does, however; reserve the right to use other interchangable forms of the the above.
The Princes of Bro Wened also popularly known as Bro Gwened or Vannetais, used several different titles across Breton, Latin, and Frankish sources. Because Bro Wened was alternated its identity as a principality, a petty kingdom, and sometimes a sub‑realm within a larger Breton polity, the rulers of Bro Wened used vastly differing titles. In Brittany, they were referred to in Breton as Roue Gwened “King of Gwened”, Roue Bro Wened “King of the Land of Gwened”, Roue Waroch “King of Waroch’s Land” (after the dynasty of Waroch I & II), Uhel Roue Gwened “High King of Gwened”, Aotrou Gwened “Lord of Gwened”, or the older term, Tiern Gwened “Prince/Lord of Gwened”. Latin references were used in Merovingian and Carolingian annals such as Rex Venetorum “King of the Veneti / Vannetais” in reference to the Veneti peopole, Rex Veneticae “King of Vannetais”, Princeps Veneticae “Prince of Vannetais”, Dux Veneticae “Duke of Vannetais” (used when Frankish overlordship was asserted), and Rex Warochiensium “King of the Warochians” (referring to the Waroch dynasty’s people). Frankish writers adopted the viewpoint that the Kingdom of Bro Wened was semi-independent, therefore; their forms of address reflect that: King of the Vannetais, Prince of the Bretons of Vannes, The Breton King Waroch, The Lord of the Vannetais, and The Chieftain of the Veneti. Breton oral tradition and Amorican epiphets called them Roue an Arvor “King of the Coastlands”, Roue ar Re Waroched “King of the Waroch People” Ard‑Roue Gwened “High King of Gwened”, The Sea‑King of Southern Brittany, and The Lord of the White Shores. When Bro Wened was part of a larger Breton polity after Judicaël’s unification of Brittany, the following forms of address for the Princes of Bro Wened were also used: Sub‑King of Brittany, Prince of Southern Brittany, Lord of the Vannetais under the High King, and Ruler of the Gwenedeg (referring to the principality’sa dialect region).
Because the Principality of Cornouaille shifted between being a petty kingdom, a principality, and later a county, the titles of its rulers also vary by period. Within Brittany they were referred to as Roue Kernev “King of Cornouaille” in Breton, Roue Cornouaille, Roue an Arvor “King of the Coastlands”, Tiern Kernev “Lord/Prince of Cornouaille”, Aotrou Kernev “Lord of Cornouaille”, and Uhel Roue Kernev “High King of Cornouaille”. A hymn to Saint Gwennolé calls its ruler Rivelen “Cornubiæ rector” or “ruler of Cornouaille”. 10th‑century charters refer to them charters and annals in Latin as Uurmaelon comes Cornubiæ “Count of Cornouaille”, Rex Cornubiæ “King of Cornouaille”, Rex Cornugalliae (a variant spelling), Princeps Cornubiæ “Prince of Cornouaille”, Comes Cornubiæ “Count of Cornouaille” (predominantly used after the 9th–10th centuries), Rector Cornubiæ “Ruler of Cornouaille”, and Rex Brittonum Cornubiensium “King of the Cornouaillian Britons”. Frankish and Carolingian descriptions refer to them as King of the Cornouaillais, Prince of the Cornouaillais, The Cornouaille Princeps, The Breton King of Cornouaille, and Lord of the Cornouaille Britons. Armorican epithets and Breton bardic traditions referred to them as Roue an Douar Gwenn “King of the White Land” (a name for the peninsula), The Sea‑King of Kernev, The Lion‑Lord of Cornouaille, The Crown of the Western Britons, and The King of the White Peninsula. As Cornouaille became a county within the Duchy of Brittany, the following titles were used more frequently in feudal and medieval times: Comte de Cornouaille “Count of Cornouaille” (primarially dominant from the 9th century onward), Seigneur de Cornouaille “Lord of Cornouaille”, Prince de Cornouaille (used in genealogical medieval texts), and the Bretonized Comte de Kernev.
Like Cornouaille, because Poher was sometimes a petty kingdom, sometimes a principality, and later a county‑level lordship, its rulers appear under several different titles in Breton, Latin, and Frankish sources. In Breton / Brythonic Forms (i.e., native Armorican): Roue Poher “King of Poher” (used early on when Poher acted as a kingdom), Roue Bro Poher “King of the Land of Poher”, Tiern Poher “Lord/Prince of Poher”, Aotrou Poher “Lord of Poher”, Uhel Roue Poher “High King of Poher”, and Penn‑Tiern Poher “Chief‑Lord of Poher”. In annals & charters, the common Latin forms were Rex Poucher “King of Poher” (specifically in the Carolingian era), Princeps Poucher “Prince of Poher”, Dominus Poucher “Lord of Poher”, Comes Poucher “Count of Poher” (in the later feudal period), and Rex Brittonum Poucher “King of the Poher Britons”. Frankish and Carolingian descriptions depicted the Princes of Poher as Prince of the Bretons of Poher, King of the Poher Britons, The Poher Princeps, The Breton Lord of Poher, and The Chieftain of Poher, esepcially with the viewpoint of Poher when it was a semi-polarity. Breton bardic tradition addressed them as Roue an Argoat “King of the Forest‑Lands” (in reference to the wooded inlands of Poher), Ard‑Roue Poher “High King of Poher”, The Lord of the Central Hills, The King of the Heartland, The Crown of the Inner Britons. When Poker was subordinate to a larger Breton polarity it was common for others to address the Princes of Poher as Sub‑King of Brittany, Prince of Central Brittany, Lord of Poher under the High King, and Ruler of the Poher Region.
The Princes of Domnonée were mentioned in early medieval sources, including the Lives of the Saints and Frankish annals. In Beton and Brythonic forms, they were referred to as Roue Domnonea “King of Domnonée”, Roue Domnonia, Roue an Norzh, “King of the North” (in reference to Domnonée being the northernmost Breton principality in Amorica), Tiern Domnonea “Lord/Prince of Domnonée”, Aotrou Domnonea “Lord of Domnonée”, and Uhel Roue Domnonea “High King of Domnonée”. Domnonée’s rulers were primarially mentioned in Latin annals and ecclesiastical texts early on as princes and later some references transition to Kings of the Bretons. Other Latin references used the early standard title of Princeps Domnoniae “Prince of Domnonée”, Rex Domnoniae “King of Domnonée” Rex Brittonum “King of the Britons” (for powerful rulers like Riothamus), Dominus Domnoniae “Lord of Domnonée”, and Rector Domnoniae “Ruler of Domnonée”. The Frankish viewed Domnonée as a semi-independent Breton polairty the same as other principalities. Merovingian and Frankish chorniclers referred to the Princes of Domnonée as Prince of the Bretons of Domnonée, King of the Domnonian Britons, The Domnonian Princeps, The Breton Lord of Domnonée, and The Chieftain of Domnonée. Breton Bardic tradition addressed them as Roue an Arvor Norzh “King of the Northern Coastlands”, Ard‑Roue Domnonea “High King of Domnonée”, The Sea‑King of the Northern Britons, The Crown of the Channel Britons, and The Lord of the White Shores. WhenDomnonée was part of a larger Breton polarity, they were commonly known as Sub‑King of Brittany, Prince of Northern Brittany, Lord of Domnonée under the High King, and Ruler of the Northern Breton March.
Danielle I is not claiming any sovereingty that currently exists over the present-day locations of these territories. She is a titular monarch, not territorial, based on direct descent from the above rulers, current international law, and the jus cogens of titular monarchy practice.